Now with docstrings and tests. To be honest, I have not actually ran the tests and am hoping CI will be green and I won't have to.
The tests are taken directly from pathtools' patterns.py, so those should work.

One thing to note is the license. I have no idea if I'm supposed to copy/paste the complete license notice and if I'm supposed to attribute it to the original author. Just a thing to check...

Finally, to answer this question (which I did, but never hit "post"), that was intentional, though the reason is not immediately obvious. pathlib doesn't have a case_sensitive parameter anywhere in its API - PurePosixPath and PosixPath are always case-sensitive and PureWindowsPath and WindowsPath are always case-insensitive. On top of that, only "pure" path objects can be instantiated anywhere - WindowsPath can't be instantiated on POSIX systems and vice versa.

This lead me to "emulating" the case_sensitive parameter, by converting the input paths (as strings) to either PurePosixPath or PureWindowsPath, to satisfy case_sensitive.
In short, it allows this:

>>> import pathlib
>>> p = pathlib.PureWindowsPath('/etc/hosts')
>>> p.match('*hOsTs')
True
>>> p
PureWindowsPath('/etc/hosts')
>>> p = pathlib.PurePosixPath('/etc/hosts')
>>> p.match('*hOsTs')
False